STDs

STD Clinic Hours

STD Clinic at PSC – could link to PSC site for this if necessary
Full STD and 1st visit prenatal clinic every Wednesday by appointment and walk-in.
Hours 2:00 – 4:00 pm
Clients will receive scheduled appts. to return on Thursday evening to go over the results of their testing and receive any necessary treatment.
 

SEXUAL ACTIVITY

Sexually Transmitted Infection vs. Sexually Transmitted Disease

  • STI is the beginning stage of the infection, when it starts doing damage to the body it become a disease.
  • ½ of all STI are found in 15-24 year olds (1)
  • 1 in 4 girls, aged 14-19, have an STI2
     

3 types of STI’s

  • bacterial (Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis)
  • viral (herpes, HIV, HPV, hepatitis B)
  • protozoal (trichomoniasis)

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Weinstock H. 2004 Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 36 (1):6-10.
  2. Forhan SE. 2008 Natl STD Prev. Conf. Abst. D4a.

Safe Sex

  • 13,000 teens get an STD every day (1)
  • Condoms used always will still provide only limited protection – see chart
  • 66% of those who have already had sex now wish they had waited (2a)
  • When you have sex with someone you are being exposed to everyone they’ve ever had sex with and everyone they’ve ever had sex with and so on
  • Some STDs passed by skin to skin contact
  • 18.9 million people are infected with STDs in America (1)

[ 2a ] According to  National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

STIs passes through sexual activity

Spread by mutual masturbation

  •     Syphilis 1
  •     HPV 2-6
  •     Herpes 7, 8
     

Spread by anal sex

  •     Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, syphilis 1-3
  •     Herpes, HPV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV 4-8
     

Spread by oral sex

  •     Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, syphilis 1-3
  •     Herpes, HPV, HIV 4-8
     

Bacterial
Can be gotten rid of if you know you have it and catch it in time

 

Chlamydia

  •     Most common bacterial disease
  •     Increases risk of HIV up to 5-fold (4)
  •     Causes PID in women
  •     Symptoms may include pain in urination and discharge from penis and vagina
  •     90% of females and 85% of males have no symptoms (4)
  •     Common cause of sterility for both males and females


3.    CDC 2007 Chlamydia Fact Sheet
4.   Korenromp EL. 2002 Int. J STD AIDS. 13(2):91-101.

 

Gonorrhea

  •     Sterility for both males and females
  •     Untreated cases my lead to arthritis, heart disease or blindness
  •     85% females and 55% males have no symptoms (5)
  •     Increases risk of HIV 3-fold (6)
  •     May result in discharges and burning with urination
  •     Many infected do not know they have the disease
  •     Common cause of  PID in women
  •     Also know as The Clap


5.     CDC 2007 Gonorrhea
6.    Hanson J. 2005 Ann Epidemiol. 15(1):13-20

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

  • Can cause ectopic pregnancy, sterility, and cancer
  • Can be life-threatening and cause permanent damage to the reproductive organs
  • 1 million cases per year
  • 100,000 women become infertile (5a)
  • 2/3 of females have no symptoms (5b)

5a. CDC 2008 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Fact Sheet
5b. Westrom L. 1999 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease


 
Syphilis
3 stages

  • 1st stage is a sore that develops in infected area
  • 2nd stage is a sore throat and low grade fever
  • 3rd stage can’t be cured – it attacks your nervous system and you go                       insane – then you die
  • 4th stage - Death
  • Early stages often go undetected
  • Many cases that were reported were not aware they were infected
  • Viral – can not be cured
     

HPV

  •     50-75% of sexually active people in the US acquire during lifetime (7)
  •     Commonly known as genital warts
  •     6.2 million Americans infected each year
  •     20 million persons infected in United States
  •     Some warts can be microscopic others may have to be burnt off with lasers
  •     Transmitted by skin to skin contact
  •     >90% of infections cause no symptoms (7)
  •     90% of infections cleared by immune system within 2 years (8)


7.  Koursky L. 1997 American Journal of Medicine 102(5A):3-8
8.  Ho GYF 1998 N Engl J Med 338(7):423-428

 

Herpes

  •     1 in 5 Americans over the age 12 are infected
  •     80% of people infected have mild or unrecognizable symptoms (9)
  •     Life long disease
  •     No cure – medication my help control outbreaks
  •     Symptoms include blisters or sores in the infected area, burning or pain during urination
  •     Increased risk of HIV 2-to 8-fold (10)


9.    Ashley RL.  1999 Clin Microbiology Rev. 12(1):1-8
10.    Corey L. 2004 J Acquir. Immune Defic Syndrome 35(5):435-445.
 


HIV

  •     Outcome is death if it turns into AIDS
  •     >1 million people in the US have HIV (11)
  •     Dormancy period up to 10 years
  •     Fastest group of infected individuals in under the age of 24   
  •     Symptoms include – fever, loss of appetite, sore throat, fatigue (12)


11.    CDC 2008 HIV/AIDS in the US
12.    Sterling TR. 2005 Clinical Manifestation of HIV
 


Hepatitis B

  • Some experience jaundice, tiredness, dark urine, and grey colored stool
  • Can cause cancer of the liver and cirrhosis
  • About 60,000 cases per year
  • 40-50% children born to infected mothers develop liver cancer


Protozoal
Parasitic living off a host / easily passed    

Trichomoniasis

  •     Is a parasite - protazoal
  •     7.4 million Americans are infected each year (13 )
  •     85% of males show no symptoms (14 )   

13.  CDC Trichomoniasis Fact Sheet 2003
14.  Sorvillo F, et. al 2001 Emerg Infec. Dis.
 
 Check out some STD cartoons here.